ImmigrationClock explains · Enforcement data
A border encounter is an event, not a person
The same person can be counted twice. A count of encounters is not a count of people.
The facts
- CBP's nationwide encounter figures combine U.S. Border Patrol apprehensions between ports of entry, Office of Field Operations inadmissibility determinations at ports of entry, and — through May 2023 — Title 42 expulsions.
- The same person can be encountered more than once, so the number of encounters is larger than the number of unique individuals. CBP has published a separate Border Patrol recidivism rate for some years, not a unique-person count for every period.
- An encounter is not a removal, a detention, or a grant of admission. Those are separate measures kept by separate agencies, and they cannot be read off the encounter total.
- CBP publishes encounters by month and by fiscal year. The federal fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30, so the current year's total is incomplete until then.
- ImmigrationClock sums CBP's own published file by fiscal year, labels the current year as year-to-date, and never presents a partial year beside a full one as though they covered the same span.
Why it matters
Encounters are among the most quoted immigration numbers and among the most misread. "Two million encounters" is not two million people, and it is not two million people who stayed.
Sources
Every sentence above was written by a person from these sources and last checked against them on Sep 2, 2026.
Related on ImmigrationClock
Recent changes this helps read
- Establishing the Gordie Howe International Bridge as a Port of Entry in Detroit, MIFinal rule · Jan 30, 2026 · Federal Register
- Notice: Continuation of the National Emergencies With Respect to the Southern Border of the United States and Cartels and Other Transnational OrganizationsExecutive action · Jan 12, 2026 · Federal Register
- Other: Authorizing the General Services Administration To Modernize, Expand, and Continue To Operate and Maintain a Pedestrian and Vehicular International Border Crossing at the Lan Luis I Land Port of EntryExecutive action · Dec 10, 2025 · Federal Register
- Other: Authorizing Cameron County, Texas, To Construct, Maintain, and Operate a Pedestrian Border Crossing at the Gateway International Bridge Land Port of EntryExecutive action · Aug 20, 2025 · Federal Register
- Executive Order 14325: Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern BorderExecutive action · Jul 31, 2025 · Federal Register
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Methodology & sources
Explainers describe how the system works. They are not advice about any individual case, and they never tell anyone what to do. See all explainers for the rest of the set. Read the full methodology →