ImmigrationClockFacts first
ImmigrationClock explains · Enforcement data

A border encounter is an event, not a person

The same person can be counted twice. A count of encounters is not a count of people.

The facts

  1. CBP's nationwide encounter figures combine U.S. Border Patrol apprehensions between ports of entry, Office of Field Operations inadmissibility determinations at ports of entry, and — through May 2023 — Title 42 expulsions.
  2. The same person can be encountered more than once, so the number of encounters is larger than the number of unique individuals. CBP has published a separate Border Patrol recidivism rate for some years, not a unique-person count for every period.
  3. An encounter is not a removal, a detention, or a grant of admission. Those are separate measures kept by separate agencies, and they cannot be read off the encounter total.
  4. CBP publishes encounters by month and by fiscal year. The federal fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30, so the current year's total is incomplete until then.
  5. ImmigrationClock sums CBP's own published file by fiscal year, labels the current year as year-to-date, and never presents a partial year beside a full one as though they covered the same span.

Why it matters

Encounters are among the most quoted immigration numbers and among the most misread. "Two million encounters" is not two million people, and it is not two million people who stayed.

Sources

Every sentence above was written by a person from these sources and last checked against them on Sep 2, 2026.

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Methodology & sources
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